Beatings with rifle butts, suspension by the limbs, forcing detainees to lie naked on the floor while guards walked over them, sleep deprivation, prolonged exposure to the sun and to nighttime cold without clothing, climbing up and down hills using toe-and-elbow exercises, throwing prisoners inside drums down slopes, electric shocks, dunking heads in water (the “submarine”), blows to the ears (the “telephone”), mock executions, rape, sexual abuse, and meager food rations were among the tortures inflicted.