According to the 2025 Annual Global Air Quality Report by IQAir, Chile was ranked 54th out of 143 countries for fine particulate matter concentration (PM2.5). The report also highlights that five of the most polluted cities in Latin America are located in southern Chile: Coyhaique—ranked as the second most polluted city in the region—along with Nacimiento, Cochrane, Pitrufquén, and Loncoche.